1913 Ottoman coup d'état

The January 1913 seizure of power in Constantinople by the Committee of Union and Progress, which toppled the Ottoman government during the First Balkan War.

Sublime Porte: The Ottoman imperial government’s central offices in Constantinople, also used as a name for the government itself. CUP supporters raided these government offices on 23 January 1913.
First Balkan War: The 1912–1913 conflict in which the Balkan League fought the Ottoman Empire and captured most of its European territories. Military defeats intensified opposition to Kâmil Pasha’s government.
Mahmud Şevket Pasha assassination: The 1913 killing of Ottoman grand vizier Mahmud Şevket Pasha in Constantinople by political opponents. His assassination enabled the CUP to intensify repression and tighten its control.
Countercoup of 31 March: The 1909 uprising against the constitutional government, suppressed by forces supporting the Young Turk Revolution. It was a counterrevolutionary challenge; the 1913 coup instead strengthened the CUP’s hold on power.
Mahmud Şevket Pasha: An Ottoman military commander and statesman who became grand vizier after the 1913 coup. His appointment gave the CUP a government it could dominate after the raid.
Treaty of London (1913): The treaty that ended the First Balkan War and forced the Ottoman Empire to cede most of its European territory. The government’s negotiations over territorial losses fueled the coup crisis.
Three Pashas: The informal name for Enver, Talat, and Cemal Pasha, who dominated Ottoman government during much of World War I. The coup’s consolidation helped these CUP leaders become the empire’s ruling triumvirate.
Ottoman coup d'état of 1912: The 1912 military intervention that brought the Liberal Union to power and displaced the Committee of Union and Progress. The 1913 seizure reversed the 1912 coup’s removal of the CUP from government.
Kâmil Pasha: An Ottoman statesman who served several terms as grand vizier, including during the First Balkan War. The coup forced him to resign as grand vizier.
Edirne: A city in European Turkey, historically known as Adrianople, near the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. CUP leaders opposed the prospect of surrendering Edirne to Bulgaria.

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