1968 Summer Olympics

The Games of the XIX Olympiad, held in Mexico City from October 12 to 27, 1968. They were the first Olympics to conduct systematic drug testing.

Mexico City Olympic protests: Political demonstrations and state repression surrounding the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. The Games unfolded amid protests, including a massacre ten days before the opening ceremony.
Mexico City altitude: Mexico City lies about 2,240 metres above sea level, where thinner air affects breathing and aerodynamic drag. Reduced air resistance aided sprint and jump performances, while thinner air challenged endurance athletes.
Mexico City: The capital of Mexico, situated in a high-altitude basin in central Mexico. Its elevation and urban setting defined the conditions and setting of the Games.
Olympic Charter: The IOC’s rules and principles governing the organization and conduct of the Olympic movement. The Games tested claims that sport could remain separate from political expression.
1968 Olympic Black Power salute: A raised-fist protest by American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos during the 1968 Olympic medal ceremony. Their medal-stand gesture became the most enduring political image of the Games.
Olympic doping control: Testing procedures used by the Olympic movement to detect prohibited performance-enhancing substances. These Games introduced systematic drug tests at the Olympics.
International Olympic Committee: The nongovernmental organization that governs the Olympic movement and selects host cities for the Summer and Winter Games. The IOC selected Mexico City as host and oversaw the 1968 program.
Olympic Games: An international multisport event held every four years, alternating between Summer and Winter editions. The 1968 edition changed expectations for Olympic testing, technology, and protest.
1968 Olympic high jump: The men’s high-jump competition in which Dick Fosbury won gold using a back-first technique. Fosbury’s victory introduced a technique that transformed high jumping.
1968 Olympic doping tests: The first systematic drug-testing program conducted at an Olympic Games, introduced in Mexico City in 1968. Testing focused on prohibited substances and included the first Olympic cannabis disqualification.

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