1995 Constitution of Ethiopia

Ethiopia’s supreme law, adopted in 1995, established a federal republic with regional states organized largely around nations, nationalities, and peoples. It recognizes a right of secession and divides authority between federal and state governments.

Ethnic federalism: A federal system in which territorial units are organized substantially around ethnic groups. The constitution organizes regional states largely around nations, nationalities, and peoples.
House of Federation: Ethiopia’s federal chamber, composed of representatives of nations, nationalities, and peoples. It interprets the constitution and decides questions concerning self-determination and state boundaries.
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front: A coalition led by the Tigray People's Liberation Front that governed Ethiopia from 1991 to 2019. The EPRDF-led government directed the transition that produced the 1995 constitutional order.
Regions of Ethiopia: Ethiopia’s constitutionally recognized regional states and chartered cities. The constitution established the regional-state framework that structures territorial government.
Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples: The constitutional term for Ethiopia’s communities recognized as possessing shared identity and specified collective rights. This category anchors constitutional claims to self-government and representation.
House of Peoples' Representatives: Ethiopia’s directly elected federal legislative chamber. It exercises federal legislative authority under the constitutional division of powers.
Transitional Government of Ethiopia: The interim government established after the Derg’s fall to oversee Ethiopia’s political transition. Its transitional charter and institutions preceded the drafting and adoption of the constitution.
Sidama Region: A regional state in southern Ethiopia established after a 2019 referendum. Its creation followed a constitutional process invoked to realize a group’s claim to statehood.
Self-determination: The principle that a people may determine its political status and pursue its development. The constitution grounds regional autonomy and secession rights in collective self-determination.
Council of Constitutional Inquiry: A constitutional body that investigates disputes and advises the House of Federation on interpretation. It conducts inquiries before constitutional interpretation is decided by the House of Federation.

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