2009 swine flu pandemic

The global outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 that began in 2009 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1: A subtype of influenza A virus defined by its hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1 surface proteins. The pandemic strain belongs to this broader subtype.
Classical swine influenza: An influenza A lineage in pigs descended from viruses related to the 1918 pandemic strain. Several pandemic-virus genes were related to classical swine influenza viruses.
2009 pandemic influenza vaccine: Vaccines developed to protect against the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. A targeted vaccine became available after the pandemic began.
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09: The influenza A virus strain that caused the 2009 pandemic and continues to circulate seasonally. The pandemic virus became part of seasonal influenza circulation afterward.
Origins of the 2009 swine flu pandemic: The investigation of the animal lineages and evolutionary events that produced influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The virus's exact evolutionary pathway and place of emergence remain incompletely resolved.
Antigenic shift: A major change in influenza A viruses caused by reassortment of genome segments. The pandemic virus carried a novel combination of influenza gene segments.
Eurasian avian-like swine influenza: A swine influenza lineage that arose in Europe from avian-origin influenza viruses. The pandemic virus's neuraminidase and matrix genes traced to this lineage.
Influenza surveillance: The systematic monitoring of influenza viruses, illness, and outbreaks in populations. Surveillance tracked the virus's spread and genetic changes worldwide.
Excess mortality: Deaths above the number expected under ordinary conditions in a defined population and period. Mortality estimates showed that laboratory-confirmed counts understated the pandemic's global death toll.
Influenza pandemic mortality estimation: Methods for estimating deaths attributable to influenza pandemics despite incomplete reporting. Different methods produced estimates far above confirmed pandemic death counts.

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