2011 Egyptian revolution

A mass uprising in Egypt that forced President Hosni Mubarak to resign on February 11, 2011, during the Arab Spring.

Hosni Mubarak: Egypt’s president from 1981 until his resignation in 2011. His rule and proposed succession by his son became central targets of protest.
Tahrir Square: A central public square in Cairo that became a focal point of Egypt’s 2011 uprising. Its occupation made the protest movement visible and difficult to ignore.
Wael Ghonim: An Egyptian internet activist whose online organizing helped publicize opposition to police abuse. His Facebook activism linked online campaigning with street protest.
2011–2012 Egyptian parliamentary election: Egypt’s parliamentary election held in several rounds from November 2011 through January 2012. The election translated the post-uprising opening into a contest dominated by Islamist parties.
Egyptian Emergency Law: A state of emergency that gave Egyptian authorities broad powers to detain people and restrict public life. Decades of emergency rule embodied the repression that protesters opposed.
January 25, 2011 Egyptian protests: The nationwide demonstrations that began in Egypt on January 25, 2011, against Mubarak’s government. These protests began the sustained mobilization that culminated in Mubarak’s resignation.
Asmaa Mahfouz: An Egyptian activist whose video appeal urged people to join the January 25 protests. Her recorded call became a widely circulated appeal for participation.
2012 Egyptian presidential election: The election that made Mohamed Morsi Egypt’s first elected civilian president in 2012. It tested whether the revolution’s political opening could produce elected civilian rule.
Khaled Said: An Egyptian man whose 2010 death after police abuse became a catalyst for anti-police activism. His case helped mobilize the online campaign that called for protest.
Egyptian labor movement: Trade unions and worker organizations that have organized collective action across Egypt. Strikes near the uprising’s end widened pressure beyond demonstrations in city squares.

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