2011 Norway attacks

Two terrorist attacks carried out by Anders Behring Breivik on 22 July 2011: a bombing in Oslo and a mass shooting at a Labour youth camp on Utøya.

Oslo government quarter bombing: The 22 July 2011 car-bomb attack on government buildings in central Oslo. The first attack struck the government quarter before Breivik travelled to Utøya.
Far-right terrorism: Political violence motivated by far-right ideologies such as ultranationalism, racism, or authoritarianism. The attacks are widely classified as far-right terrorism.
22 July Commission: The Norwegian commission that investigated the response to the 22 July 2011 attacks and reported in 2012. Its findings documented serious failures in preparedness and police response.
Jihadist terrorism: Terrorist violence justified through militant interpretations of jihadist ideology. It differs ideologically from Breivik’s far-right violence, despite frequent public conflation.
Utøya massacre: The mass shooting at a Labour Party youth camp on Utøya on 22 July 2011. The second attack targeted young participants at the island camp.
White nationalism: A political ideology that advocates a nation organized around white identity and interests. Breivik’s writings promoted racial hierarchy and white nationalist ideas.
Norwegian police reform: Changes to Norway’s police organization, preparedness, and emergency capabilities. The commission’s criticism helped drive reforms after the attacks.
State terrorism: Political violence or intimidation carried out by a state against a population or its opponents. The attacks were crimes by a private individual, not violence directed by the Norwegian state.
Anders Behring Breivik: A Norwegian far-right terrorist who carried out the 2011 Norway attacks. He planned and carried out both attacks.
Anti-Muslim sentiment: Prejudice, hostility, or discrimination directed at Muslims or people perceived to be Muslim. Breivik’s ideology cast Muslims and immigration as existential threats.

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