2019–2020 Chilean protests

The 2019–2020 Chilean protests were a wave of mass demonstrations and social unrest sparked by a Santiago metro fare increase and expanded into demands over inequality, public services, and political change.

Santiago Metro fare increase: A 2019 increase in Santiago Metro fares that helped trigger mass protests. The government’s planned fare rise prompted student fare evasion immediately before the demonstrations spread.
Estallido social: The Chilean social uprising that began in October 2019 and spread across the country. This name captures the rapid escalation from fare evasion to nationwide unrest.
2020 Chilean national plebiscite: A national vote in October 2020 on whether Chile should draft a new constitution and how to compose its convention. The vote translated a central protest demand into a formal constitutional process.
Chilean feminist movement: A movement in Chile advocating gender equality and opposing gender-based violence. Feminist groups brought gendered violence and equality into the uprising’s broader demands.
Chilean pension system: Chile’s retirement system, largely based on individual savings accounts administered by private companies. Low pensions and distrust of private administrators made retirement reform a prominent protest demand.
Santiago Metro: The rapid-transit system serving Santiago, Chile. Its stations became sites of fare evasion, closures, and early confrontations in October 2019.
2022 Chilean national plebiscite: A Chilean referendum in which voters rejected a proposed new constitution in September 2022. Its result showed that support for constitutional change did not guarantee support for the draft produced.
A Rapist in Your Path: A performance protest created by the Chilean collective LASTESIS that denounces sexual violence and state impunity. Its global circulation made feminist protest one of the uprising’s most visible cultural expressions.
Chilean inequality: The unequal distribution of income, wealth, and opportunity in Chile. Unequal access to income and essential services underlay many grievances beyond the metro fare.
Cacerolazo: A form of protest in which participants make noise by striking pots and pans. Pot-banging let residents join demonstrations from homes and neighborhoods across Chile.

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