3D modeling

3D modeling is the creation of digital representations of three-dimensional objects and scenes. Models can describe shape, structure, and surface properties for visualization, animation, or fabrication.

Polygon mesh: A surface representation made from connected vertices, edges, and polygonal faces. Meshes are the standard representation for many game, animation, and visualization models.
Cartesian coordinate system: A coordinate system that locates points using perpendicular axes and numerical coordinates. 3D modeling uses coordinate systems to place vertices and objects in space.
3D rendering: The process of generating a two-dimensional image from a three-dimensional scene. Rendering turns modeled geometry, materials, and lighting into images.
Photogrammetry: The reconstruction of three-dimensional measurements or models from photographs. Photogrammetry derives geometry from captured reality rather than constructing it by hand.
NURBS: A mathematical method for representing smooth curves and surfaces with control points and rational functions. NURBS model precise smooth surfaces, especially in industrial design.
Vertex: A point that defines a position in a geometric structure. Mesh vertices provide the positions from which edges and faces are formed.
3D animation: The creation of moving images by changing three-dimensional scenes over time. Models serve as characters, props, and environments in animated scenes.
3D scanning: The capture of an object's shape as digital spatial data using a measuring device. Scanning records existing objects instead of designing their geometry from scratch.
Subdivision surface: A smooth surface generated by repeatedly refining a coarser polygon mesh. Subdivision modeling combines editable control cages with smooth final forms.
Topology: The arrangement and connectivity of elements in a geometric or mathematical structure. Mesh topology determines how surface parts connect and deform.

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