Abdelaziz Bouteflika

Abdelaziz Bouteflika was an Algerian politician who served as president from 1999 to 2019. His presidency brought an end to the civil-war period but also became associated with entrenched rule and political stagnation.

Algerian Civil War: A conflict between Algeria’s government and armed Islamist groups that began in 1991 and lasted through much of the 1990s. The violence formed the backdrop to Bouteflika’s election and his promise of national reconciliation.
Algerian Constitution: The foundational legal framework establishing Algeria’s institutions, rights, and system of government. A 2008 constitutional amendment removed presidential term limits, enabling Bouteflika to seek a third term.
Algerian War of Independence: A war from 1954 to 1962 in which Algerian nationalists fought to end French colonial rule. Bouteflika joined the independence movement as a young man and entered public life through its struggle.
Liamine Zéroual: An Algerian military officer and politician who served as president from 1994 to 1999. Zéroual governed during the civil war and preceded Bouteflika’s civilian-led reconciliation effort.
Civil Concord: An Algerian law approved in 1999 that offered legal incentives to armed groups to end their insurgency. Bouteflika made this reconciliation measure a central early policy of his presidency.
National Liberation Front: An Algerian political party that led the independence struggle and dominated government after independence. The party’s support helped sustain Bouteflika’s political coalition and presidential authority.
National Liberation Army: The armed wing of Algeria’s National Liberation Front during the war of independence. Bouteflika served in the organization during the independence struggle.
Chadli Bendjedid: An Algerian military officer and politician who served as president from 1979 to 1992. His presidency ended as Algeria’s political crisis deepened, before Bouteflika’s later effort to restore stability.
Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation: A 2005 Algerian referendum-backed framework extending amnesty and reconciliation measures for the civil-war conflict. It expanded the reconciliation approach begun under Bouteflika and helped consolidate the postwar order.
Algerian People's National Assembly: The lower house of Algeria’s bicameral parliament, elected by popular vote. It participated in the constitutional amendment that removed presidential term limits in 2008.

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