Abdul Halim of Kedah

Abdul Halim was Sultan of Kedah from 1958 until his death in 2017 and served twice as Malaysia’s Yang di-Pertuan Agong, from 1970 to 1975 and 2011 to 2016.

Sultan Badlishah: Sultan of Kedah from 1943 to 1958 and father of Abdul Halim. Badlishah was Abdul Halim’s father and predecessor on Kedah’s throne.
Conference of Rulers: The assembly of Malaysia’s nine hereditary rulers, which elects the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Its members elected Abdul Halim for both of his federal terms.
Kedah: A state in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia with a hereditary sultanate. Abdul Halim’s identity and lifelong state sovereignty were rooted in Kedah.
Malaysian independence: The end of British colonial rule and establishment of independent Malaya in 1957. Abdul Halim’s first decade as Sultan unfolded in the new independent federation.
Sultan Sallehuddin of Kedah: Sultan of Kedah who succeeded Abdul Halim in 2017. Abdul Halim’s younger half-brother inherited the Kedah throne after his death.
Malaysian monarchy: Malaysia’s constitutional system combines a federal monarch with hereditary rulers in nine states. The federal office Abdul Halim held sits within this system of state and national monarchies.
Alor Setar: The capital of Kedah, located in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Abdul Halim was born in Alor Setar in 1927.
Malaysia Day: The annual commemoration of Malaysia’s formation on 16 September 1963. Abdul Halim served as Sultan when Kedah became part of the enlarged Malaysian federation.
Tuanku Bahiyah: Queen of Malaysia from 1970 to 1975 and Sultanah of Kedah from 1958 to 2003. She was Abdul Halim’s first wife and served as Raja Permaisuri Agong during his first federal reign.
Federal Constitution of Malaysia: The supreme law establishing Malaysia’s government, constitutional monarchy, and federal institutions. Its provisions define the monarch’s role and the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

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