Abdullah Gül

Abdullah Gül is a Turkish politician who served as Turkey’s president from 2007 to 2014 and prime minister from 2002 to 2003. He was a founding member of the Justice and Development Party (AKP).

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: A Turkish politician who has served as prime minister and president of Turkey. Erdoğan led the AKP government during Gül’s presidency and succeeded him as president.
2007 Turkish presidential election: The election in which Abdullah Gül became Turkey’s president after a political crisis and an early general election. Gül’s path to the presidency ran through this contested election.
2010 Turkish constitutional referendum: A referendum that approved amendments to Turkey’s constitution, including changes to the judiciary and military courts. Gül approved the amendments and the referendum reshaped institutions during his presidency.
Foreign relations of Turkey: The diplomatic, security, and economic relationships Turkey maintains with other countries and international organizations. Gül represented Turkey abroad and pursued diplomatic ties as president and foreign minister.
Ahmet Necdet Sezer: A Turkish jurist who served as president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Sezer’s secularist presidency preceded Gül’s and featured recurring tensions with the AKP government.
Republican People's Party: A Turkish political party founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and associated with secular republicanism. The party challenged Gül’s candidacy on constitutional grounds and opposed the AKP’s political direction.
Turkey–European Union relations: The political and economic relationship between Turkey and the European Union, including Turkey’s accession process. Gül supported EU membership and pursued reforms associated with accession negotiations.
Turkish foreign ministry: The government ministry responsible for Turkey’s foreign policy and diplomatic service. Gül served as foreign minister from 2003 to 2007 before becoming president.
Bülent Arınç: A Turkish politician and founding figure of the Justice and Development Party. Arınç was a prominent AKP colleague during Gül’s rise to national office.
Turkish Armed Forces: The armed forces of Turkey, historically influential in the country’s political affairs. The military issued a warning during the 2007 presidential crisis over the AKP’s candidate.

Linked from 3 pages