Abolition of the Nepalese monarchy

The 2008 decision by Nepal’s Constituent Assembly to end the monarchy and establish a federal democratic republic, following years of political conflict and a peace process.

Nepalese Civil War: An armed conflict fought in Nepal from 1996 to 2006 between Maoist insurgents and the state. The insurgency weakened the monarchy and helped force a negotiated political settlement.
Constituent Assembly of Nepal: An elected body tasked with writing Nepal’s constitution and deciding the country’s political form. Its first meeting formally declared Nepal a republic on 28 May 2008.
Girija Prasad Koirala: A Nepalese politician who served as prime minister during the 2006 transition and the 2008 republic declaration. He led the interim government that brought former rebels and established parties into the transition.
Constitution of Nepal: The supreme law adopted in 2015 that defines Nepal as a federal democratic republic. It gave lasting constitutional form to the republican transition begun in 2008.
2006 Nepalese democracy movement: A mass protest movement that compelled King Gyanendra to restore parliament in April 2006. Its success ended the king’s direct rule and reopened the path to republican change.
Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007: The provisional constitution that governed Nepal after the peace settlement and before a permanent constitution. It established the framework for the assembly and the transition from monarchy.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal: A Nepalese politician known as Prachanda who led the Maoist insurgency and later became prime minister. His party entered electoral politics and emerged as the largest force in the 2008 assembly.
Federalism in Nepal: Nepal’s division of governmental authority among federal, provincial, and local levels. The post-monarchy settlement paired republicanism with a reorganization of state power.
Comprehensive Peace Accord: The November 2006 agreement that ended Nepal’s civil war and set terms for political transition. It committed the former warring sides to a constituent assembly and decisions about the monarchy.
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal: Nepal’s republican system of government, formally established by the Constituent Assembly in 2008. This was the state form adopted when the assembly ended the monarchy.

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