Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) was an American psychologist who developed the hierarchy of needs and helped establish humanistic psychology.

Hierarchy of needs: A model arranging human needs in levels, from basic survival needs to growth and fulfillment. Maslow’s best-known theory orders needs while allowing that motivation does not always follow a rigid sequence.
University of Wisconsin–Madison: A public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, founded in 1848. Maslow earned his psychology doctorate there in 1934.
Kurt Goldstein: A German neurologist and psychiatrist known for holistic theories of organismic functioning. Goldstein’s account of self-actualization strongly influenced Maslow’s use of the concept.
Management theory: The study and practice of coordinating people and resources in organizations. Managers adapted Maslow’s model to discuss how workplace conditions relate to employee motivation.
Behaviorism: A psychological approach that explains behavior through observable actions and learning processes. Maslow opposed accounts that reduced psychology to observable behavior and conditioning.
Self-actualization: The realization of a person’s capacities and distinctive potential. Maslow placed this growth-oriented aim near the summit of his hierarchy.
Edward Thorndike: An American psychologist known for research on learning and the law of effect. Maslow worked in Thorndike’s research setting after completing his doctorate.
Ruth Benedict: An American anthropologist known for comparative studies of culture and personality. Maslow admired Benedict and used her as one example in developing his study of healthy personalities.
Educational psychology: The study of how people learn and how teaching can support learning. Maslow’s emphasis on safety and belonging influenced discussions of conditions that support learning.
Psychoanalysis: A tradition of theory and therapy emphasizing unconscious processes and formative experience. Maslow sought a psychology that also examined health and growth, not only conflict and pathology.

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