Absorbed dose

Absorbed dose is the energy ionizing radiation deposits in matter per unit mass. Its SI unit is the gray, equal to one joule per kilogram.

Ionizing radiation: Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules. It is the radiation whose deposited energy absorbed dose quantifies.
Joule: The SI unit of energy. Absorbed dose counts deposited energy in joules.
Radiotherapy: The treatment of disease, especially cancer, using ionizing radiation. Treatment plans prescribe absorbed doses to target tissues and limit doses to nearby organs.
Radiobiology: The study of how ionizing radiation affects living organisms. It examines the biological outcomes that absorbed dose alone does not specify.
Energy deposition: The transfer of energy from radiation to matter through interactions. Absorbed dose sums this transferred energy per unit mass.
Kilogram: The SI base unit of mass. The gray expresses deposited energy per kilogram.
Radiation therapy dosimetry: The measurement and calculation of dose delivered during radiation therapy. It applies absorbed-dose measurement to treatment planning and delivery.
DNA damage: Structural changes to DNA caused by physical or chemical agents. Radiation energy deposition can initiate DNA lesions that contribute to cell effects.
Stopping power: The average energy a charged particle loses per unit distance traveled through a material. It helps calculate how charged particles deposit energy along their tracks.
Equivalent dose: A radiation-protection quantity that weights absorbed dose by radiation type. Unlike absorbed dose, it accounts for differing biological effectiveness among radiation types.

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