Absorption

Absorption is the incorporation of one substance into the bulk of another material, rather than its confinement to the receiving material’s surface.

Diffusion: Diffusion is the net movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. After entering a material, absorbed particles often spread through it by diffusion.
Adsorption: Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms, ions, or molecules at the surface of a material. Unlike absorption, adsorption concentrates the substance at an interface rather than throughout the bulk.
Gas absorption: Gas absorption is the transfer of a soluble gas from a gas mixture into a liquid solvent. It applies bulk uptake to remove or recover gases from industrial streams.
Absorptivity: Absorptivity is a measure of how strongly a material absorbs a specified substance or form of energy. It quantifies uptake or attenuation associated with a particular absorbing material.
Solubility: Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a specified solvent under stated conditions. Solubility limits how much of a substance a receiving material can incorporate.
Sorption: Sorption is the uptake of one substance by another through absorption, adsorption, or both. It is the broader term used when bulk and surface uptake are not distinguished.
Absorption column: An absorption column is a device that brings a gas mixture into contact with a liquid solvent for component transfer. Its contacting surfaces and flow pattern determine how effectively gas enters the liquid bulk.
Absorption spectroscopy: Absorption spectroscopy identifies or measures substances by analyzing wavelengths of light they absorb. It concerns absorption of electromagnetic energy, not incorporation of matter into a bulk material.
Partition coefficient: A partition coefficient is the equilibrium ratio of a substance’s concentrations in two phases. It predicts how strongly a substance favors the absorbing material over the surrounding phase.
Desorption: Desorption is the release of a substance from a surface or material into a surrounding phase. It reverses uptake, whereas absorption describes incorporation into the material.

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