Abu Mansur al-Maturidi

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi was a Muslim theologian of ninth- and tenth-century Transoxiana whose teachings became the basis of the Maturidi school of Sunni theology.

Kalam: Kalam is the Islamic discipline of rational argument about God, revelation, and doctrine. Al-Maturidi used dialectical argument to defend Islamic beliefs and develop his theological positions.
Maturidi theology: Maturidi theology is a Sunni theological tradition that combines rational argument with commitment to revelation. It is the school of thought founded on al-Maturidi’s teachings.
Abbasid Caliphate: The Abbasid Caliphate was an Islamic empire founded in 750 that ruled much of the Muslim world from Baghdad. Its era encompassed al-Maturidi’s life and the wider theological debates of his time.
Ash'ari theology: Ash'ari theology is a Sunni theological tradition founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. It developed alongside Maturidi theology and shares many doctrines while differing on some points.
Sunni Islam: Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, grounded in the Quran, prophetic tradition, and communal authority. The Maturidi school became one of Sunni Islam’s major theological traditions.
Human free will: Human free will is the capacity to make choices for which a person can be held responsible. Al-Maturidi argued that human beings genuinely choose their acts while remaining dependent on God.
Hanafi school: The Hanafi school is a Sunni school of Islamic jurisprudence founded on the teachings of Abu Hanifa. Al-Maturidi’s intellectual community was associated with Hanafi jurisprudence in Transoxiana.
Athari theology: Athari theology emphasizes transmitted scripture and reports while avoiding speculative theological interpretation. Its approach to theological reasoning contrasts with al-Maturidi’s use of rational argument.
Transoxiana: Transoxiana is the historical region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers in Central Asia. Al-Maturidi lived and taught in this region, where his theological school took shape.
Divine attributes in Islam: Divine attributes in Islam are qualities such as knowledge, power, and speech affirmed of God. Al-Maturidi defended the reality of God’s attributes while distinguishing them from created qualities.

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