Acceptable daily intake

An estimate of the amount of a substance that can be consumed every day over a lifetime without appreciable health risk. It is usually expressed per kilogram of body weight.

No-observed-adverse-effect level: The highest tested exposure at which a study detects no adverse effect. It often supplies the starting point for calculating an acceptable daily intake.
Food additive: A substance deliberately added to food for a technological purpose. ADI values help regulators assess whether permitted additive uses pose acceptable exposure.
Acute reference dose: An estimate of a substance amount that can be consumed in one day or meal without appreciable health risk. It addresses short-term peaks, unlike the ADI's repeated lifetime exposure.
Cumulative risk assessment: An assessment of health risks from multiple exposures that may share a target or mechanism. Separate ADIs may not capture combined effects of substances acting through a common pathway.
Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level: The lowest tested exposure at which a study detects an adverse effect. When no no-effect level is established, regulators may use it as the calculation's starting point.
Pesticide residue: A trace amount of a pesticide or its relevant products remaining in food or the environment. Estimated dietary residues are compared with the ADI to assess long-term exposure.
Tolerable daily intake: A lifetime daily exposure estimate for contaminants that are not deliberately added to food. Regulators often reserve this term for contaminants rather than intentionally used substances.
Mixture toxicology: The study of health effects caused by simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals. Real diets contain mixtures, while many guidance values are derived substance by substance.
Uncertainty factor: A numerical divisor used to account for gaps in evidence and differences among organisms. It reduces experimental exposure levels to protect people across uncertain conditions.
Maximum residue limit: The legal maximum concentration of a pesticide residue permitted in or on food or feed. Residue limits help keep dietary exposure within toxicological guidance values.

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