Acetate

Acetate is the anion CH₃COO⁻ formed when acetic acid loses a proton. The name also applies to salts and esters containing the acetate group.

Acetic acid: Acetic acid is the two-carbon carboxylic acid CH₃COOH, whose deprotonation produces acetate. Losing acetic acid’s carboxyl proton gives the acetate anion.
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates a buffer’s pH to its acid dissociation constant and conjugate-base-to-acid ratio. It predicts the acetate-to-acetic-acid ratio in aqueous solution.
Acetate buffer: An acetate buffer is an aqueous mixture of acetic acid and acetate that resists changes in pH. The conjugate acid–base pair buffers solutions near acetic acid’s pKa.
Formate: Formate is the anion HCOO⁻, formed when formic acid loses a proton. It is the one-carbon carboxylate homolog immediately smaller than acetate.
Carboxylate: A carboxylate is an anion formed when a carboxylic acid loses its acidic proton. Acetate is the simplest widely encountered example of a carboxylate.
Acid–base reaction: An acid–base reaction involves transfer of a proton between chemical species. Acetate forms when acetic acid donates a proton to a base.
Acetyl-CoA: Acetyl-CoA is a coenzyme-bound acetyl group that transfers two-carbon units in metabolism. Its thioester can be hydrolyzed to acetate and coenzyme A.
Propionate: Propionate is the anion CH₃CH₂COO⁻, formed when propionic acid loses a proton. It is the next straight-chain carboxylate homolog after acetate.
Resonance: Resonance describes a molecule or ion using multiple contributing Lewis structures to represent delocalized electrons. Its negative charge is shared between acetate’s two oxygen atoms.
Nucleophilic acyl substitution: Nucleophilic acyl substitution replaces a group attached to a carbonyl carbon through addition and elimination steps. Acetate esters can form when a nucleophile displaces a leaving group at an acetyl carbonyl.

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