Acid–base reaction

A chemical reaction in which an acid transfers a proton or accepts an electron pair, while a base accepts a proton or donates an electron pair, depending on the theory used.

Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory: An acid–base theory defining acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. It describes reactions as proton transfers between an acid and a base.
Acid: A substance that donates protons, accepts electron pairs, or increases hydronium concentration, depending on the theory. An acid is one of the two reacting roles in acid–base chemistry.
Acid–base titration: A quantitative method that determines an analyte concentration by reacting it with a measured titrant. It uses a controlled acid–base reaction to locate an equivalence point.
Arrhenius acid–base theory: A theory defining acids and bases by their effects on hydrogen-ion and hydroxide-ion concentrations in water. Its aqueous-ion scope is narrower than proton-transfer and electron-pair definitions.
Lewis acid–base theory: An acid–base theory defining acids as electron-pair acceptors and bases as electron-pair donors. It includes bond-forming reactions that do not involve proton transfer.
Base: A substance that accepts protons, donates electron pairs, or increases hydroxide concentration, depending on the theory. A base supplies the complementary role in acid–base reactions.
Buffer solution: A solution that resists pH change through a weak acid–base pair and its conjugate partner. Reversible acid–base reactions let buffers absorb added acid or base.
Redox reaction: A reaction involving transfer of electrons and changes in oxidation states. Redox reactions transfer electrons between species, unlike Lewis reactions that share an electron pair.
Conjugate acid–base pair: Two species that differ by one proton in Brønsted–Lowry theory. Each proton-transfer step converts reactants into their conjugate partners.
Chemical equilibrium: A dynamic state in which forward and reverse reaction rates are equal. Many acid–base reactions establish equilibria rather than proceed to completion.

Linked from 85 pages