Acoustic monitoring

Acoustic monitoring uses recorded sounds to detect and study animals in their environments, often over long periods or across large areas.

Passive acoustic monitoring: The use of unattended microphones to record environmental sounds without playback or other acoustic stimulation. It is the standard approach when monitoring should not disturb animals.
Wildlife monitoring: The repeated collection of information about wild animal populations, distribution, or behavior. Acoustic recordings are one way to track wildlife over time.
Hydrophone: A transducer that converts underwater sound waves into electrical signals for recording or measurement. Underwater acoustic monitoring depends on hydrophones rather than air microphones.
Camera trap: A remotely triggered camera that photographs or records animals when they pass its sensor. Cameras document visible animals, while acoustic sensors can detect callers outside the frame.
Bioacoustics: The study of sound production, transmission, and reception in animals. Acoustic monitoring applies bioacoustic methods to field recordings.
Bird vocalization: Sounds produced by birds, including songs and calls used in communication and other behaviors. Bird vocalizations are among the most commonly monitored animal sounds.
Microphone array: A group of microphones arranged to capture sound from multiple positions or directions. Arrays can help locate calling animals as well as detect them.
Visual encounter survey: A field method in which observers search for and record organisms they see. Visual surveys depend on visibility and observer presence; acoustic monitoring can run unattended.
Soundscape ecology: The study of biological, geophysical, and human-made sounds across places and time. Its broader soundscape view helps interpret animal recordings alongside other environmental sounds.
Bat detector: A device that detects or records the high-frequency sounds produced by bats. Specialized detectors capture calls above the range of ordinary microphones.

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