Actinomycetota

Actinomycetota is a bacterial phylum that includes many high-GC Gram-positive organisms, from soil decomposers to antibiotic producers and human pathogens.

Gram-positive bacteria: Bacteria whose cell walls retain crystal violet dye in the Gram stain, usually because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer. Most familiar actinomycetotans share this cell-wall staining pattern.
Streptomycin: An aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Its discovery established soil actinomycetotans as sources of clinically useful antibiotics.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A bacterial species that causes tuberculosis, a contagious disease most often affecting the lungs. This pathogen illustrates the medical importance of actinomycetotans.
Bacterial sporulation: The formation of specialized, resistant cells that help some bacteria survive unfavorable conditions. Many Streptomyces form spores as aerial filaments mature and disperse.
Firmicutes: A major bacterial phylum that includes many low-GC Gram-positive organisms, such as Bacillus and Clostridium. Firmicutes provide a major comparison for Gram-positive bacteria with generally lower genomic GC content.
Peptidoglycan: A mesh-like polymer of sugars and amino acids that gives most bacterial cell walls strength and shape. Its thick wall layer underlies the Gram-positive character common in this phylum.
Erythromycin: A macrolide antibiotic produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea and used against several bacterial infections. This medicine is a prominent product of an actinomycetotan species.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae: A bacterial species that causes diphtheria through a toxin produced by some strains. Its toxin-mediated disease is another major human consequence of this lineage.
Secondary metabolite: A molecule produced by an organism that is not directly required for its growth or reproduction. Antibiotics are among the specialized compounds made by many actinomycetotans.
Proteobacteria: A large, diverse bacterial phylum that includes many Gram-negative pathogens and free-living species. Its predominantly Gram-negative members contrast with the familiar Gram-positive actinomycetotans.

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