Adenosine

Adenosine is a nucleoside made of adenine joined to ribose. It forms part of RNA and is a component of ATP, ADP, and other molecules involved in cellular signaling.

Adenine: A purine nucleobase found in DNA, RNA, ATP, and several cellular cofactors. Adenine is the base joined to ribose to form adenosine.
Adenosine triphosphate: A nucleotide with three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many cellular processes. ATP contains adenosine and releases usable energy when phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.
Caffeine: A stimulant compound that blocks adenosine receptors at ordinary dietary concentrations. Caffeine reduces adenosine signaling by competing at receptor binding sites.
Adenosine receptor A1: A subtype of adenosine receptor that commonly inhibits cellular signaling and slows heart rate. A1 activation helps explain adenosine’s brief effects on cardiac conduction.
Ribose: A five-carbon sugar found in RNA and in several energy-carrying and signaling molecules. Ribose supplies the sugar component of adenosine.
Adenosine diphosphate: A nucleotide with two phosphate groups, formed when ATP loses a phosphate group. ADP is a product of ATP hydrolysis and can be converted back into ATP.
Adenosine stress test: A cardiac imaging procedure that uses adenosine or related drugs to increase coronary blood flow. The test exploits adenosine-receptor effects to assess heart perfusion.
Adenosine receptor A2A: A subtype of adenosine receptor that often promotes signaling through increased cyclic AMP. A2A signaling mediates several vascular and immune effects of adenosine.
Nucleoside: A molecule consisting of a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar, without phosphate groups. Adenosine belongs to this molecular class.
Adenosine monophosphate: A nucleotide consisting of adenosine and one phosphate group. AMP is a lower-phosphate form of adenosine produced in cellular reactions.

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