Adiabatic process

A thermodynamic process in which no heat crosses the system boundary. Its temperature can change as work is done or internal energy changes.

First law of thermodynamics: The energy-conservation principle relating a system’s internal-energy change to heat transfer and work. With heat transfer set to zero, the first law directly relates internal energy to work.
Heat: Energy transferred between systems because of a temperature difference. Adiabatic conditions exclude heat transfer, not every form of energy transfer.
Adiabatic flame temperature: The theoretical combustion temperature when no heat escapes and no work is produced. It estimates the upper temperature attainable under idealized adiabatic combustion.
Isothermal process: A thermodynamic process in which temperature remains constant. Unlike an adiabatic process, an isothermal change generally requires heat transfer to balance work.
Reversible adiabatic process: An adiabatic process carried out through equilibrium states without dissipative effects. Its idealized conditions yield a precise pressure–volume relation for a gas.
Work (thermodynamics): Energy transferred across a system boundary by organized forces or displacement. Work can change a system’s energy even when heat transfer is zero.
Diesel cycle: An idealized engine cycle with compression and expansion modeled as reversible adiabatic processes. Its compression and power strokes use adiabatic relations to model gas behavior.
Isobaric process: A thermodynamic process carried out at constant pressure. Constant pressure specifies a different constraint; heat may enter or leave.
Adiabatic index: The ratio of a gas’s heat capacity at constant pressure to its heat capacity at constant volume. This ratio sets the pressure–volume exponent for a reversible ideal-gas process.
Internal energy: The microscopic kinetic and potential energy stored within a thermodynamic system. Its change accounts for work-driven temperature changes in adiabatic processes.

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