Knowra Adjudication Adjudication Adjudication is a formal process in which an authorized decision-maker resolves a dispute or determines parties’ rights and obligations. Its outcome may be binding or subject to review, depending on the governing system.
Pleading : A formal written statement setting out a party’s claims or defenses in a legal proceeding. Pleadings define the claims and defenses an adjudicator is asked to resolve.
Mediation : A process in which a neutral facilitator helps parties negotiate their own settlement. Unlike an adjudicator, a mediator ordinarily cannot impose a decision.
Jurisdiction : The legal authority of a court or tribunal to hear a matter and decide it. Without jurisdiction, a decision-maker may lack power to adjudicate the dispute.
Civil procedure : The rules governing how civil lawsuits are initiated, conducted, and resolved. Civil procedure structures adjudication of disputes between private parties.
Evidence : Information presented to support or challenge factual claims in a proceeding. The decision-maker uses admissible evidence to determine disputed facts.
Arbitration : A private dispute-resolution process in which an arbitrator decides a dispute, often under an agreement. Arbitration resembles adjudication but is typically based on party agreement and conducted privately.
Due process : Legal safeguards requiring fair procedures when government action affects protected rights or interests. Procedural fairness constrains how public adjudication is conducted.
Criminal procedure : The rules governing investigation, prosecution, trial, and punishment of criminal offenses. Criminal adjudication determines guilt and, after conviction, may impose punishment.
Burden of proof : The obligation to prove a claim or fact to a specified level of certainty. It determines which party loses when the evidence does not establish a fact sufficiently.
Negotiation : A process in which parties communicate to reach an agreement themselves. Negotiation resolves disputes by agreement rather than an imposed determination.
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