Adposition

An adposition is a grammatical word that expresses a relation between a noun phrase and another part of a sentence. Prepositions precede their noun phrases; postpositions follow them.

Noun phrase: A phrase organized around a noun or pronoun, which can function as a sentence constituent. Adpositions commonly combine with noun phrases to form adpositional phrases.
Preposition: An adposition that occurs before its noun-phrase complement. Prepositions are the most familiar positional subtype of adposition.
Head-directionality: A syntactic tendency for heads to occur consistently before or after their complements. The direction of an adposition relative to its complement reflects broader ordering patterns.
Temporal relation: A relation locating events or states in time or expressing their temporal ordering. Adpositions such as “before” and “during” locate events in time.
Adpositional phrase: A phrase headed by an adposition, typically containing a noun phrase as its complement. It is the phrase adpositions form with their complements.
Postposition: An adposition that occurs after its noun-phrase complement. Postpositions demonstrate that adpositions need not precede their complements.
Government (linguistics): A syntactic relation in which one element constrains the form or case of another. Some adpositions govern the case marking of their noun-phrase complements.
Phrasal verb: A verb combined with a particle that forms a lexical or idiomatic unit. Particles in phrasal verbs can resemble prepositions but behave differently in syntax.
Grammatical relation: A syntactic relationship between sentence elements, such as subject, object, or oblique. Adpositions often signal relations between noun phrases and other sentence elements.
Circumposition: A discontinuous adposition whose parts occur on both sides of its complement. Circumpositions extend the positional patterns beyond a single preceding or following word.

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