Afghan monarchy

Afghan monarchy was the hereditary kingship that governed Afghanistan from the establishment of the Durrani state in 1747 until its abolition in 1973.

Durrani Empire: An Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, regarded as the predecessor of modern Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah Durrani founded the dynasty and state from which Afghan kingship developed.
Hereditary monarchy: A system of government in which the head of state inherits the position, usually within a ruling family. Afghan kingship passed within royal dynasties rather than through regular elections.
Ahmad Shah Durrani: The founder of the Durrani Empire, who became ruler in 1747. His accession is conventionally treated as the beginning of the Afghan monarchy.
Third Anglo-Afghan War: The 1919 conflict after which Afghanistan secured control over its foreign affairs from Britain. Amanullah Khan’s victory strengthened the monarchy’s independence and enabled reform efforts.
Barakzai dynasty: The dynasty that ruled Afghanistan for most of the period from 1826 to 1973. The Barakzai family supplied Afghanistan’s monarchs from Dost Mohammad Khan through Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Afghan Constitution of 1923: A constitution promulgated under Amanullah Khan that sought to define state institutions and citizens’ rights. It was an early attempt to place royal government within a written constitutional framework.
Dost Mohammad Khan: The Barakzai ruler who governed Afghanistan for much of the period from 1826 to 1863. He founded the line that displaced the Sadozai rulers and restored centralized kingship.
Afghan Civil War (1928–1929): The conflict that led to Amanullah Khan’s abdication and the temporary collapse of his government. The crisis showed the limits of rapid reform imposed through royal authority.
Sadozai dynasty: The Durrani branch that ruled Afghanistan from 1747 until the rise of the Barakzai dynasty. The Sadozai kings established the monarchy’s earliest period.
Afghan Constitution of 1964: The constitution that established a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary institutions in Afghanistan. It limited the king’s direct political role while preserving the monarchy.

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