Afghan peace process

The Afghan peace process comprised negotiations among Afghan political actors and the Taliban intended to end the war and establish a political settlement.

U.S.–Taliban deal: The February 2020 agreement between the United States and the Taliban set terms for U.S. withdrawal and Taliban commitments. It established the withdrawal framework that preceded direct negotiations among Afghans.
Soviet–Afghan War: The 1979–1989 war between Soviet forces and the Afghan government they supported and various Afghan mujahideen groups. Its aftermath helped shape the armed movements and political fragmentation underlying later Afghan conflicts.
Zalmay Khalilzad: An Afghan-born American diplomat who served as the U.S. special representative for Afghanistan reconciliation. He led U.S. negotiations with the Taliban and later supported the intra-Afghan process.
Fall of Kabul (2021): The Taliban’s capture of Kabul on August 15, 2021, followed by the collapse of the Afghan Republic. The government’s collapse ended the political order the negotiations had been designed to preserve or reshape.
Afghan women’s rights: The legal, political, and social rights of women and girls in Afghanistan. Women’s participation and protections remained contested in negotiations and were not secured by a final settlement.
Intra-Afghan negotiations: Negotiations between representatives of the Afghan government and other political actors and the Taliban. These talks were intended to turn the U.S.–Taliban agreement into a political settlement.
Afghan Civil War: A series of armed conflicts among Afghan factions following the Soviet withdrawal, especially from 1992 to 1996. The civil war preceded Taliban rule and left a legacy of factional conflict negotiations had to address.
Abdul Ghani Baradar: A Taliban co-founder and political leader who headed its negotiating team in Doha. He signed the 2020 agreement for the Taliban and represented its leadership in talks.
Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan: The withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Afghanistan, completed in August 2021. The Doha timetable helped set the conditions for the final U.S. withdrawal.
Afghan Constitution of 2004: The constitution adopted in 2004 that established the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and its institutions. The Taliban rejected the existing constitutional order, leaving its fate a fundamental negotiating dispute.

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