Afonso Dhlakama

Afonso Dhlakama (1953–2018) was a Mozambican politician and RENAMO leader who fought the FRELIMO government in the civil war and later led the opposition.

Mozambican War of Independence: An armed struggle from 1964 to 1974 that ended Portuguese colonial rule in Mozambique. Its outcome created the independent state whose government Dhlakama later opposed.
André Matsangaissa: A Mozambican insurgent leader who founded RENAMO and led it until his death in 1979. Dhlakama succeeded Matsangaissa as RENAMO’s leader.
Rome General Peace Accords: The 1992 agreement that ended Mozambique’s civil war and established a path to multiparty elections. Dhlakama signed the accords, transforming RENAMO from an insurgency into an electoral party.
Mozambican general election, 2014: Mozambique’s 2014 election, in which Filipe Nyusi won the presidency and RENAMO made gains. Dhlakama returned to electoral politics and contested the result after the vote.
FRELIMO: A Mozambican political movement that led the independence struggle and has governed the country since 1975. Dhlakama’s political and military career was defined by opposition to FRELIMO.
Joaquim Chissano: A Mozambican politician who served as president from 1986 to 2005 and negotiated the 1992 peace agreement. Chissano’s government reached the peace settlement with Dhlakama and RENAMO.
Mozambican general election, 1994: Mozambique’s first multiparty general election, held in 1994 after the civil war. Dhlakama challenged FRELIMO’s Joaquim Chissano in the first postwar presidential vote.
Mozambican insurgency (2013–2019): An armed conflict between RENAMO and the Mozambican government that flared from 2013 to 2019. Dhlakama’s return to armed resistance preceded this renewed conflict.
Mozambican Civil War: An armed conflict from 1977 to 1992 between the FRELIMO government and RENAMO insurgents. Dhlakama became RENAMO’s leader during this war and directed its insurgency.
Armando Guebuza: A Mozambican politician who served as president from 2005 to 2015. Dhlakama’s conflict with Guebuza’s government reignited after the 2009 election.

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