Afsharid dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty ruled Iran from 1736 to 1796, founded by Nader Shah after the Safavid state collapsed. Its power rested on military conquest and weakened after his assassination.

Safavid dynasty: An Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and established Twelver Shiism as the state religion. The Afsharids succeeded the Safavids after their state disintegrated.
Battle of Karnal: The 1739 battle in which Nader Shah defeated the Mughal army in northern India. The victory displayed the military force behind Afsharid expansion.
Afsharid invasion of India: Nader Shah’s 1738–1739 campaign into Mughal India, culminating in the capture of Delhi. The invasion brought the dynasty its largest eastern conquest and immense plunder.
Zand dynasty: An Iranian dynasty that ruled much of southern and central Iran from 1751 to 1794. Its rise followed the fragmentation of Afsharid authority.
Nader Shah: An Iranian military ruler who founded the Afsharid dynasty and reigned as shah from 1736 to 1747. His rise and conquests created the dynasty.
Battle of Baghavard: A 1745 battle in which Nader Shah defeated an Ottoman army in the Caucasus. Its outcome strengthened Afsharid leverage in the Ottoman war.
Sack of Delhi (1739): The massacre and plunder inflicted on Delhi after Nader Shah captured the city in 1739. The sack was the most notorious episode of Afsharid rule beyond Iran.
Qajar dynasty: An Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1789 to 1925, consolidating power after the Zand period. The Qajars ultimately displaced Afsharid and Zand rivals to unify Iran.
Afshar tribe: A Turkic tribal confederation whose members served in Iran’s military and political life. Nader’s tribal background supplied networks and military support for his ascent.
Afsharid army: The military forces assembled under Afsharid rulers, drawing on cavalry, firearms, and artillery. Its organization enabled conquests across Iran and neighboring regions.

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