Agricultural labor

Agricultural labor is human work involved in growing crops, raising animals, and managing farms, from seasonal fieldwork to skilled and supervisory roles.

Farmworker: A person employed to perform agricultural work, often in crop production or livestock care. Farmworkers perform much of the hired labor on farms.
Agricultural seasonality: The recurring seasonal variation in agricultural activity caused by crop cycles, weather, and animal needs. Seasonality concentrates labor needs around planting, tending, and harvest.
Migrant worker: A worker who moves from one place to another for employment, often temporarily or seasonally. Migration supplies labor to farms when local workforces cannot meet seasonal demand.
Horticulture: The cultivation of fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, and other garden crops. Horticulture often requires intensive, precise work in planting, pruning, and picking.
Enclosure: The historical consolidation and privatization of common lands, especially in Britain. Enclosure displaced some rural people from land-based livelihoods and wage work.
Seasonal employment: Employment that recurs during particular periods of the year in response to changing labor demand. Planting and harvest create short, predictable peaks in farm labor demand.
Harvest: The gathering of mature crops from fields, orchards, or other growing sites. Harvest is a labor-intensive stage that often requires temporary crews.
Bracero Program: A United States–Mexico guest-worker program that brought Mexican agricultural laborers to the United States from 1942 to 1964. The program recruited Mexican workers for U.S. farms during labor shortages.
Dairy farming: The production of milk from domesticated animals, especially cattle. Dairy work involves frequent, routine animal care and milking.
Sharecropping: A farming arrangement in which tenants pay landowners with a share of the crop. It bound agricultural work to debt and unequal control of land and output.

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