Agricultural land

Agricultural land is land used to grow crops, raise livestock, or support related farming activities. It includes arable land, permanent crops, and permanent pastures.

Arable land: Land suitable for ploughing and used to grow temporary crops. It is the crop-growing portion of agricultural land that is regularly cultivated.
Soil fertility: The capacity of soil to supply nutrients and suitable conditions for plant growth. Fertility limits what agricultural land can produce without amendments or careful management.
Food security: A condition in which people have reliable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. The amount and quality of farmland influence a region's capacity to supply food.
Deforestation: The long-term removal of forest cover, often through conversion to another land use. Clearing forests for fields or pasture is a major pathway by which farmland expands.
Permanent pasture: Land covered by grasses or other forage plants for long-term livestock grazing. It supplies grazing without being regularly ploughed for annual crops.
Irrigation: The artificial application of water to soil or crops. Irrigation can make dry agricultural land productive, while increasing competition for water.
Pastoralism: A livelihood and land-use system centered on raising livestock through managed grazing. Pastoralism uses extensive grasslands that may not be suitable for crop cultivation.
Habitat fragmentation: The division of continuous habitat into smaller, isolated patches. Agricultural fields and infrastructure can split natural habitats into disconnected remnants.
Permanent crops: Crops grown from plants that occupy land for several years, such as fruit trees and vines. Orchards and vineyards are agricultural land even when fields are not replanted annually.
Crop rotation: The planned sequence of different crops grown on the same land over time. Rotation manages soil nutrients, pests, and disease across cultivated fields.

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