Agriculture

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and raising animals to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other useful products. It includes the management of land, water, crops, and livestock.

Soil science: The study of soil formation, properties, classification, and management. Soil fertility and structure shape which crops can grow and how reliably.
Neolithic Revolution: The widespread shift toward farming and settled life beginning around 10,000 BCE in several regions. It marks the broad transition from foraging economies to food production.
Subsistence agriculture: Farming primarily intended to provide food and goods for the producer's household or community. It contrasts with production organized chiefly for sale in markets.
Agricultural intensification: Increasing agricultural output per unit of land, labor, or other inputs. Intensification can raise production while increasing dependence on inputs or environmental pressures.
Intensive farming: A farming system that uses high levels of inputs or labor to increase output per area. It contrasts with systems that prioritize lower inputs or extensive land use.
Crop rotation: The planned sequence of different crops grown on the same land over time. Changing crops can limit pests and replenish nutrients that a single crop depletes.
Fertile Crescent: A region of Southwest Asia where early cultivation and animal domestication developed. Its early farming communities domesticated crops and livestock that reshaped food production.
Plantation agriculture: Large-scale commercial cultivation of a single or limited set of crops, often using hired labor. Plantations show how export-oriented farming concentrates land and production.
Land use: The human management or modification of land for particular purposes. Agriculture is a major use of land and competes with habitats and settlements.
Extensive farming: A farming system using relatively little labor and capital per unit of land, often over large areas. Its low-input, land-intensive pattern differs from intensive production.

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