Agustín de Iturbide

Agustín de Iturbide was a Mexican military and political leader who helped secure independence from Spain and ruled as Emperor Agustín I from 1822 to 1823.

Mexican War of Independence: An armed struggle from 1810 to 1821 that ended Spanish colonial rule in Mexico. Iturbide entered the conflict as a royalist officer and helped bring it to a close.
Mexican Empire: The independent Mexican state governed as a monarchy from 1821 to 1823 and again from 1864 to 1867. Iturbide's reign was the first imperial period of independent Mexico.
Antonio López de Santa Anna: A Mexican military and political leader who held the presidency repeatedly during the nineteenth century. Santa Anna broke with Iturbide and helped launch the revolt that ended his rule.
First Mexican Republic: Mexico's federal republic established after the fall of Iturbide's empire in 1823. It replaced the monarchy after his abdication.
Plan of Iguala: A 1821 political program proposing Mexican independence, constitutional monarchy, and religious unity. Iturbide used this program to unite royalists and insurgents behind independence.
Mexican Declaration of Independence: The 1821 declaration that established Mexico as an independent nation after Spanish rule. Iturbide's political coalition secured the declaration and entry of its army into Mexico City.
José Joaquín de Herrera: A Mexican politician and military officer who served as president during the republic's early decades. He supported the political transition away from Iturbide's monarchy.
Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824: The constitution that established Mexico as a federal republic in 1824. It gave institutional form to the republic that followed Iturbide's empire.
Army of the Three Guarantees: The military force formed in 1821 to secure independence under the Plan of Iguala. Iturbide commanded this coalition army during the final campaign for independence.
Congress of the Union (Mexico): Mexico's national legislature, established under the country's constitutional system. The 1822 congress participated in the political process that made Iturbide emperor.

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