Air mass

An air mass is a large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture characteristics. Its properties reflect the surface over which it formed.

Air mass classification: A system that classifies air masses by their source region and thermal properties. Its labels distinguish air masses by moisture source and temperature.
Air temperature: A measure of the thermal state of the air. Temperature is a defining characteristic used to distinguish air masses.
Weather forecasting: The use of observations and models to estimate future atmospheric conditions. Forecasts track air masses to anticipate temperature, precipitation, and wind changes.
Continental polar air mass: A cold, dry air mass that forms over high-latitude land. It contrasts with ocean-sourced polar air in its low moisture content.
Source region: The geographic area where an air mass acquires its characteristic temperature and moisture. Conditions in this region set an air mass’s initial properties.
Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in air, often expressed relative to saturation. Moisture content helps separate maritime from continental air masses.
Synoptic meteorology: The study of large-scale weather systems using observations across broad regions. Synoptic maps show air masses, fronts, and their movement together.
Maritime polar air mass: A cool, moist air mass that forms over high-latitude oceans. Its oceanic source makes it moister than continental polar air.
Front: A boundary between air masses with different temperature, humidity, or density. Weather often changes sharply where a moving air mass meets another.
Atmospheric pressure: The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere. Pressure patterns steer air masses and influence their movement.

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