Al-Shafi'i

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i was an eighth- and ninth-century Muslim jurist whose legal teachings founded the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic law.

Usul al-fiqh: Usul al-fiqh is the discipline that studies the sources and methods used to derive Islamic legal rulings. Al-Shafi'i helped establish this discipline as a systematic account of legal reasoning.
Al-Risala: Al-Risala is Al-Shafi'i's treatise setting out principles for interpreting Islamic legal sources. This work presents his account of how legal evidence should be evaluated.
Mecca: Mecca is a city in western Saudi Arabia and Islam's holiest site. Al-Shafi'i was born and received early religious instruction in Mecca.
Shafi'i school: The Shafi'i school is a Sunni Islamic legal tradition based on the jurisprudence of Al-Shafi'i. It is the enduring school founded on his legal teachings.
Hanafi school: The Hanafi school is a Sunni legal tradition founded on the teachings of Abu Hanifa. Its methods developed in Iraq and differ from Al-Shafi'i's account of legal evidence.
Fiqh: Fiqh is the human understanding and interpretation of Islamic law. His jurisprudence is one influential method of developing fiqh.
Sunna: The Sunna is the normative example of the Prophet Muhammad, conveyed through reports and other traditions. Al-Shafi'i argued that the Sunna explains and supplements Quranic legal guidance.
Medina: Medina is a city in western Saudi Arabia where Muhammad established the first Muslim community. Study with Malik ibn Anas exposed Al-Shafi'i to Medina's legal tradition.
Al-Umm: Al-Umm is a collection of Al-Shafi'i's legal opinions and discussions, transmitted by his students. This major work preserves his mature jurisprudence and its practical arguments.
Maliki school: The Maliki school is a Sunni legal tradition founded on the teachings of Malik ibn Anas. Its emphasis on the practice of Medina differs from Al-Shafi'i's framework.

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