Alarm device

An alarm device detects a hazardous or unauthorized condition and signals a warning locally or to a monitoring system.

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Sensor: A device that detects a physical or chemical quantity and produces a measurable output. Sensors provide the measurements that let an alarm detect changing conditions.
Smoke detector: A device that detects smoke and gives an early warning of a possible fire. It is a common household alarm for detecting evidence of fire.
Signal detection theory: A framework for analyzing decisions under uncertainty by balancing detections, misses, and false alarms. It explains the trade-off between missing hazards and triggering unnecessary warnings.
Monitoring system: A system that observes conditions over time and records or presents measurements. Monitoring may display changing conditions without issuing an urgent warning.
Fire evacuation: The organized movement of people away from a building or area threatened by fire. Fire alarms can initiate evacuation before smoke or flames reach occupants.
Alarm threshold: A specified value at which a measured condition triggers an alert. The threshold determines when a sensor reading becomes an alarm.
Carbon monoxide detector: A device that detects carbon monoxide and warns when its concentration reaches a hazardous level. It alarms for a toxic gas that is difficult to detect without instrumentation.
Sensitivity and specificity: Measures of how often a test correctly detects positive and negative conditions. These measures describe how well an alarm distinguishes hazards from normal conditions.
Notification system: A system that communicates messages or updates to designated recipients. Notifications can convey routine information, while alarms indicate conditions needing attention.
Emergency response: The coordinated actions taken to protect people and limit harm during an emergency. Alarm routing can determine who responds and how quickly help arrives.