Alexei Abrikosov

Alexei Abrikosov (1928–2017) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist whose work explained type-II superconductivity and predicted quantized magnetic vortices in superconductors. He shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Type-II superconductor: A superconductor that admits magnetic flux in quantized vortices between lower and upper critical fields. Abrikosov’s central theory describes how these materials sustain superconductivity while admitting magnetic flux.
Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics: A Russian research institute founded in 1964 and named for physicist Lev Landau. Abrikosov worked there for decades and developed much of his theoretical physics career.
Vitaly Ginzburg: A Soviet and Russian physicist who helped develop the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity. Ginzburg shared the 2003 Nobel Prize with Abrikosov for theories of superconductors and superfluids.
2003 Nobel Prize in Physics: The Nobel Prize awarded to Alexei Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg, and Anthony Leggett for theories of superconductors and superfluids. The award recognized Abrikosov’s explanation of type-II superconductivity alongside related theoretical work.
Abrikosov vortex: A quantized tube of magnetic flux surrounded by circulating superconducting currents in a type-II superconductor. Abrikosov predicted this structure as magnetic field enters a type-II superconductor.
Lev Landau: A Soviet theoretical physicist whose work spanned condensed matter, quantum theory, and fluid dynamics. Landau supervised Abrikosov’s doctoral work and co-developed the theory underlying his superconductivity result.
Anthony James Leggett: A British-American physicist known for theoretical work on superfluidity and macroscopic quantum systems. Leggett shared the 2003 Nobel Prize with Abrikosov and Ginzburg for theoretical contributions to superconductivity and superfluidity.
High-temperature superconductivity: Superconductivity occurring at temperatures substantially higher than those of conventional superconductors. Abrikosov later studied unconventional superconductors, including theories relevant to high-temperature materials.
Ginzburg–Landau theory: A phenomenological theory describing superconductivity through an order parameter and electromagnetic fields. Abrikosov used this framework to derive the distinction between type-I and type-II superconductors.
Moscow State University: A major Russian university founded in 1755 in Moscow. Abrikosov studied physics there before pursuing his research career.

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Magnetic flux quantumRelated: His vortex solutions carry the quantized flux Φ₀.