Alfred Stieglitz

Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) was an American photographer, gallery owner, and editor who championed photography as fine art and introduced European modernism to the United States.

Georgia O’Keeffe: An American modernist painter whose work often explored flowers, landscapes, and the American Southwest. Stieglitz promoted her art and became her husband; their partnership shaped both careers.
Pictorialism: A photographic movement that used composition and printing techniques to give photographs the expressive character of fine art. Stieglitz first gained prominence as a pictorialist before moving toward sharper, modernist photography.
The Steerage: A 1907 photograph by Alfred Stieglitz depicting passengers aboard a ship traveling from New York to Europe. Its geometric composition and social subject made it a landmark in Stieglitz’s move toward modernist photography.
Berlin University of the Arts: A public art university in Berlin, founded in 1696 and known historically as the Berlin University of the Arts. Stieglitz studied engineering in Berlin and encountered photography while living in Germany.
Armory Show: A 1913 New York exhibition that introduced a broad American audience to European modern art. Stieglitz’s earlier exhibitions at 291 had already prepared New York audiences for work shown at the Armory Show.
Edward Steichen: A Luxembourgish-American photographer and painter who helped advance pictorialism and modern photography. Steichen collaborated with Stieglitz in photography and helped him introduce modern art to American audiences.
Photo-Secession: An American group of photographers founded in 1902 to promote photography as an independent fine art. Stieglitz organized the group to challenge photographic conventions and secure recognition for the medium.
Equivalents: A series of cloud photographs made by Alfred Stieglitz between the 1920s and 1930s. Stieglitz presented these images as visual equivalents of inner emotional states.
Hermann Wilhelm Vogel: A German photochemist and teacher whose research advanced color photography. Vogel taught Stieglitz photochemistry in Berlin, influencing his technical approach to photography.
Museum of Modern Art: A New York museum founded in 1929 to collect and exhibit modern art. Stieglitz’s campaigns for photography and modernism helped establish cultural ground for institutions devoted to modern art.

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