Algerian Civil War

An armed conflict between Algeria’s government and Islamist insurgent groups, beginning after the government canceled the 1991 legislative election. The violence peaked during the 1990s and formally ended in 2002.

Islamic Salvation Front: An Algerian Islamist political party that won the first round of the 1991 legislative election before authorities canceled the vote. Its electoral victory prompted the military-backed government to halt the election.
Armed Islamic Group: An Algerian Islamist insurgent organization that pursued armed struggle against the state and civilians during the 1990s. It became one of the conflict’s most violent insurgent factions.
Mohamed Boudiaf: An Algerian independence leader recalled from exile to head the High Council of State in 1992, assassinated months later. His assassination deepened instability during the conflict’s early phase.
Black Decade: A common name for Algeria’s period of intense political violence and insurgency during the 1990s. The phrase captures the conflict’s enduring place in Algerian public memory.
1991 Algerian legislative election: An election in which the Islamic Salvation Front won the first round before authorities canceled the process. The cancellation of this election triggered the conflict.
Islamic Salvation Army: The armed wing associated with the Islamic Salvation Front, active in the Algerian conflict during the 1990s. Its ceasefire and dissolution helped reduce insurgent fighting.
Liamine Zéroual: An Algerian general and president from 1994 to 1999 who pursued both military pressure and dialogue with insurgents. His presidency combined counterinsurgency with negotiations that preceded reconciliation.
Algerian Civil Concord: A 1999 Algerian law offering conditional amnesty to members of armed groups who ended their insurgency. Its amnesty policy helped end fighting while limiting prosecutions.
Algerian coup d'état of 1992: The military intervention that forced President Chadli Bendjedid to resign and halted Algeria’s electoral process in January 1992. The coup institutionalized the rupture that preceded armed insurgency.
Algerian security forces: The military, police, and security services responsible for defending the Algerian state and suppressing armed opposition. Their counterinsurgency campaign was central to the government’s conduct of the war.

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