Algiers Agreement

The 2000 peace agreement between Eritrea and Ethiopia that ended their border war and established a binding process to delimit and demarcate their shared boundary.

Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission: An independent commission established by the Algiers Agreement to delimit and demarcate the Eritrea–Ethiopia border. It issued the binding boundary ruling required by the agreement.
Eritrean–Ethiopian War: A 1998–2000 interstate war between Eritrea and Ethiopia, fought largely over their contested border. The Algiers Agreement formally ended this war.
Isaias Afwerki: Eritrea's president since independence in 1993 and a central figure in the country's wartime government. He represented Eritrea in the conflict and the peace process.
United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea: A United Nations peacekeeping mission established in 2000 to monitor the ceasefire and temporary security zone between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It monitored the ceasefire arrangements set out in the agreement.
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission: An international commission that adjudicated claims for losses arising from the Eritrea–Ethiopia war. The agreement assigned it responsibility for war-related claims and reparations.
Eritrea–Ethiopia border: The international boundary separating Eritrea and Ethiopia, disputed after Eritrea's independence. Its location and demarcation were central issues the agreement addressed.
Meles Zenawi: Ethiopia's prime minister from 1995 until 2012 and a leader during the war and peace negotiations. He represented Ethiopia in the negotiations that produced the agreement.
Temporary Security Zone: A buffer zone established along the Eritrea–Ethiopia border after the 2000 peace agreement. The agreement's security arrangements placed this zone under international monitoring.
Permanent Court of Arbitration: An intergovernmental organization that provides a framework for arbitration and other dispute-resolution proceedings. The boundary and claims commissions operated under its auspices.
Badme: A town on the Eritrea–Ethiopia border whose contested status became a major trigger of the 1998 war. The dispute over Badme helped drive the conflict the agreement ended.

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