ALGOL 60

ALGOL 60 is a programming language standardized in 1960. Its block structure, lexical scope, and formal syntax influenced later languages and programming-language theory.

Backus–Naur form: A formal notation for describing the syntax of programming languages. ALGOL 60’s report used this notation to define its grammar precisely.
ALGOL 60 parameter passing: The rules by which ALGOL 60 procedures receive and use formal parameters. Its call-by-name and call-by-value modes produced different evaluation behavior.
International Federation for Information Processing: An international organization founded in 1960 to advance information processing and computing. Its working group organized the committee that developed ALGOL 60.
Simula: A programming language developed in the 1960s for simulation and later associated with object-oriented programming. Its design grew from ALGOL 60 and added classes and object-like processes.
FORTRAN: A programming language created for scientific and engineering computation, first released in 1957. FORTRAN prioritized efficient numerical computing, while ALGOL 60 emphasized a general algorithmic notation.
Block structure: A program organization in which statements and declarations are grouped into nested units. ALGOL 60 made nested blocks a central way to organize declarations and control flow.
Jensen's Device: An ALGOL 60 programming technique that uses call-by-name parameters to express indexed computations compactly. It demonstrates how name parameters can make a procedure act like a specialized control structure.
ALGOL 58: A 1958 version of the ALGOL language developed as a common notation for algorithms. ALGOL 60 revised and extended this earlier proposal.
Pascal: A programming language designed by Niklaus Wirth for teaching structured programming and systems work. Its block structure and syntax reflect the ALGOL tradition.
COBOL: A programming language designed for business data processing and readable record-oriented programs. COBOL targeted business applications rather than ALGOL 60’s mathematical and algorithmic audience.

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