Ali Khamenei

Ali Khamenei is an Iranian cleric and politician who has served as supreme leader of Iran since 1989, succeeding Ruhollah Khomeini.

Supreme Leader of Iran: Iran’s highest political and religious office, with authority over major state institutions and the armed forces. This office defines Khamenei’s position and formal powers.
Iranian Revolution: The 1978–1979 popular uprising that ended the Pahlavi monarchy and established the Islamic Republic. Khamenei became a senior political figure through the revolutionary movement.
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Iranian cleric and politician who served as president from 1989 to 1997 and held senior roles in the Islamic Republic. Rafsanjani helped secure Khamenei’s selection as supreme leader in 1989.
Green Movement: The Iranian protest movement that emerged after the disputed 2009 presidential election. Khamenei backed the official result and rejected demands for a new election.
President of Iran: Iran’s elected head of government, responsible for executive administration within limits set by the constitution and supreme leader. The presidency is elected, but its authority is subordinate to Khamenei’s office.
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Iran’s 1979 constitution, amended in 1989, establishes the country’s institutions and their powers. Its provisions define the supreme leader’s constitutional authority.
Ruhollah Khomeini: Iranian cleric who led the 1979 revolution and served as the Islamic Republic’s first supreme leader. Khamenei succeeded Khomeini after his death in 1989.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Iranian politician who served as president from 2005 to 2013. His presidency brought both alignment and later political friction with Khamenei.
Mahsa Amini protests: Nationwide protests in Iran beginning in 2022 after the death of Mahsa Amini in police custody. The protests challenged policies and institutions overseen by Khamenei’s government.
President of the United States: The elected head of the United States government and state, holding constitutionally defined executive powers. Unlike the U.S. president, Khamenei’s office is not filled by popular election.

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