Knowra Alice Milliat Alice Milliat Alice Milliat was a French sports administrator and rowing champion who organized international women’s athletics and campaigned for women’s inclusion in the Olympic Games.
Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale : An international governing body for women’s sport, founded in 1921 and led by Alice Milliat. Milliat founded and led this federation to coordinate women’s sport across national borders.
Women’s suffrage : The movement to secure women’s legal right to vote. The period’s wider campaigns for women’s rights formed the political setting for Milliat’s sports activism.
1922 Women’s World Games : The inaugural Women’s World Games, held in Paris under the auspices of the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale. Milliat organized this first edition to demonstrate women’s ability to compete internationally.
Pierre de Coubertin : The French historian and founder of the modern Olympic Movement, who opposed women’s Olympic competition. His views represented the resistance Milliat confronted within Olympic leadership.
Women’s World Games : An international multi-sport competition for women held from 1922 to 1934. Milliat’s federation organized these games as a showcase for women athletes excluded from Olympic events.
International Federation of Women’s Sports : The organization established in 1921 to govern international women’s sport and stage the Women’s World Games. Milliat used this federation to create the international structure behind her campaign.
1926 Women’s World Games : The second Women’s World Games, held in Gothenburg, Sweden. Its international reach strengthened the alternative competition Milliat built outside the Olympics.
Henri Desgrange : The French sports journalist and cycling organizer who publicly opposed women’s competitive sport. His opposition illustrates the broader sporting culture Milliat challenged in France.
Women’s athletics : Track-and-field sport contested by women, including running, jumping, and throwing events. Her campaigns and competitions helped establish women’s athletics on the international stage.
Women’s football : Association football played by women, organized in clubs, leagues, and international competitions. The French women’s sporting movement Milliat supported extended beyond track and field.
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