Aliphatic compound

An organic compound whose carbon atoms form open chains or nonaromatic rings rather than an aromatic system. Aliphatic compounds may be saturated or unsaturated.

Alkane: A hydrocarbon containing only carbon–carbon single bonds in chains or nonaromatic rings. Alkanes are the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Saturated and unsaturated compounds: Organic compounds classified by whether their carbon framework contains multiple bonds. This distinction separates aliphatic compounds by carbon–carbon bond type.
Aromatic compound: An organic compound containing a cyclic, conjugated electron system with unusual stability. Aromatic compounds form the defining contrast in the meaning of aliphatic.
Petroleum: A naturally occurring mixture of liquid hydrocarbons found in geological formations. Petroleum is a major source of aliphatic hydrocarbons and their feedstocks.
Alkene: A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkenes show how a chain remains aliphatic while becoming unsaturated.
Conformational isomerism: The existence of different molecular arrangements produced by rotation around single bonds. Single-bond rotation lets open-chain aliphatic molecules adopt multiple shapes.
Benzene: A six-carbon aromatic hydrocarbon with a planar ring and delocalized pi electrons. Benzene is a familiar aromatic ring, unlike nonaromatic carbon rings.
Polyethylene: A polymer consisting of long chains of repeating ethylene-derived units. Its carbon backbone is a prominent aliphatic structure in manufactured materials.
Alkyne: A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond. Alkynes are aliphatic hydrocarbons with carbon–carbon triple bonds.
Cis–trans isomerism: Stereoisomerism arising when substituents occupy different positions across a rigid bond or ring. Double bonds and rings can restrict rotation in aliphatic structures.

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