Knowra Alkene Alkene An alkene is a hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond. That bond makes alkenes unsaturated and gives them characteristic addition reactions.
Pi bond : A covalent bond formed by sideways overlap of parallel orbitals, with electron density above and below the bond axis. The alkene double bond contains a pi bond that reacts more readily than its sigma bond.
Alkane : A hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are connected only by single bonds. Alkanes lack the double bond that defines alkenes and usually react less readily in addition reactions.
Polyethylene : A polymer made from repeating units derived from ethylene, used widely in packaging, pipes, and containers. Ethylene alkene molecules join by addition polymerization to form this major plastic.
Ethylene : The simplest alkene, with formula C₂H₄, used extensively as a chemical feedstock and plant hormone. Ethylene is the smallest alkene and the central feedstock for many alkene-based products.
Electrophilic addition : A reaction in which an electrophile and a nucleophile add across a carbon–carbon multiple bond. This common alkene reaction breaks the pi bond and forms two new sigma bonds.
Alkyne : A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond. Alkynes are the neighboring unsaturated hydrocarbon family with a different bond order and geometry.
Polypropylene : A thermoplastic polymer made by polymerizing propylene, used in fibers, packaging, and molded products. Propylene double bonds are consumed as the monomers form this polymer.
Propylene : A three-carbon alkene with formula C₃H₆, used chiefly to produce polypropylene and chemical intermediates. Propylene is another major industrial alkene obtained from hydrocarbon processing.
Markovnikov's rule : An empirical rule predicting regioselectivity in the addition of certain unsymmetrical reagents to unsymmetrical alkenes. It predicts which alkene carbon receives hydrogen in many additions of hydrogen halides.
Cis–trans isomerism : Stereoisomerism caused by restricted rotation, in which substituents occupy corresponding same-side or opposite-side positions. Restricted rotation around an alkene double bond can produce distinct cis and trans forms.
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