Allogeneic cells

Allogeneic cells come from a genetically different individual of the same species. In transplantation and cell therapy, they are distinguished from a recipient’s own cells and may provoke immune rejection.

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Autologous cells: Cells collected from and returned to the same individual. They are the direct alternative when a therapy can use a patient’s own cells.
Allorecognition: Immune recognition of another individual’s genetically distinct tissue antigens. It is the central process by which recipient immunity detects allogeneic cells.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Transfer of blood-forming stem cells from a donor to restore a recipient’s blood and immune systems. It is an established clinical use of allogeneic cells, with graft compatibility shaping outcomes.
Graft-versus-tumor effect: An immune response in which donor cells attack malignant cells in a recipient. Allogeneic immune cells can provide an anticancer benefit alongside their risks to healthy tissue.
Syngeneic transplantation: Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, such as identical twins. It shows how genetic similarity can reduce barriers that arise with allogeneic grafts.
T-cell receptor: A receptor on T cells that recognizes antigenic peptides presented by cell-surface molecules. T-cell receptors can respond to donor HLA molecules and trigger rejection.
Bone marrow transplantation: A procedure that replaces diseased or damaged marrow with blood-forming stem cells. Donor marrow supplies allogeneic stem cells that can rebuild blood production.
Graft failure: Failure of transplanted cells or tissue to establish or function adequately in the recipient. Immune mismatch and other complications can prevent an allogeneic graft from taking hold.
Xenotransplantation: Transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs between different species. It marks the species boundary beyond allogeneic transplantation.
Transplant rejection: An immune response that damages or destroys transplanted cells, tissues, or organs. It is a principal outcome when recipient defenses attack allogeneic cells.