Almohad Caliphate

A North African and Iberian Muslim empire ruled by the Almohad dynasty from the 12th to 13th centuries, succeeding the Almoravid Empire and later fragmenting under military pressure.

Ibn Tumart: A religious preacher who founded the Almohad movement and claimed the title of Mahdi. His teachings and authority gave the movement its founding ideology.
Caliphate: A form of Islamic government headed by a caliph, understood as a successor to the Prophet Muhammad's political leadership. The Almohad ruler claimed caliphal authority, not merely regional kingship.
Siege of Marrakesh (1147): The Almohad capture of Marrakesh from the Almoravids in 1147. The city's fall marked the decisive establishment of Almohad rule.
Reconquista: The centuries-long expansion of Christian kingdoms into territories ruled by Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. Almohad losses accelerated the shift in power toward Iberian Christian kingdoms.
Abd al-Mu'min: The first Almohad caliph, who consolidated the movement and built its empire after Ibn Tumart's death. He transformed a reform movement into a ruling dynasty.
Tawhid: The Islamic doctrine of the absolute oneness of God. Almohad doctrine placed divine unity at the center of its religious program.
Battle of Alarcos: A 1195 battle in which Almohad forces defeated the Kingdom of Castile. The victory briefly checked Christian expansion in Iberia.
Marinid dynasty: A Moroccan Berber dynasty that replaced Almohad authority across much of the Maghreb in the 13th century. The Marinids filled the political space left by Almohad decline.
Almoravid Empire: A Berber Muslim empire that ruled much of the Maghreb and al-Andalus before the Almohads. Almohad expansion began by overthrowing Almoravid rule.
Almohad architecture: A medieval architectural style associated with Almohad rule in the Maghreb and al-Andalus. Monumental mosques and fortifications made imperial authority visible.

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