Knowra Alter-globalization Alter-globalization Alter-globalization is a movement seeking cross-border cooperation organized around social justice, democratic participation, and environmental sustainability rather than neoliberal economic policies.
Zapatista uprising : The 1994 indigenous-led rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico, that challenged NAFTA and demanded autonomy and social justice. Its anti-NAFTA message and transnational organizing helped shape the movement’s early politics.
World Social Forum : A recurring international gathering where civil-society groups discuss alternatives to neoliberal globalization. Its open meeting model gave the movement a durable venue for exchanging strategies.
Naomi Klein : A Canadian journalist and author whose writing examines corporate power, globalization, and social movements. No Logo became a widely read critique of branding and corporate globalization.
Neoliberalism : A political-economic approach favoring market competition, privatization, deregulation, and reduced barriers to trade. Alter-globalization opposes neoliberal policies while proposing different terms for global interdependence.
Seattle WTO protests : The 1999 demonstrations against the World Trade Organization ministerial conference in Seattle. They brought alter-globalization arguments into international news and disrupted negotiations.
North American Free Trade Agreement : A 1994 trade agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States, replaced by the USMCA in 2020. Opposition to NAFTA made the agreement a focal point for early alter-globalization protests.
People's Global Action : A transnational network of radical social movements formed in 1998 to coordinate resistance to neoliberalism. It linked local struggles through decentralized international campaigns.
José Bové : A French farmer and activist known for opposing industrial agriculture and trade liberalization. His actions against McDonald's and genetically modified crops connected local protest to global trade debates.
Anti-globalization movement : A label for protests and campaigns opposing aspects of economic globalization and the power of global institutions. Alter-globalization emphasizes reforming globalization, not rejecting cross-border exchange itself.
European Social Forum : A European gathering of social movements inspired by the World Social Forum process. It adapted the forum model to regional debates and organizing.
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