American colonial period in the Philippines

The period of United States rule over the Philippines from 1898 to 1946, marked by military conquest, colonial administration, and a gradual transition toward independence.

Philippine–American War: An armed conflict between the United States and Filipino forces from 1899 to 1902, followed by continuing resistance in some regions. U.S. rule began through war against the First Philippine Republic and its supporters.
Spanish–American War: An 1898 war between Spain and the United States that ended Spanish colonial rule in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Its outcome brought the Philippines under U.S. control.
William Howard Taft: A U.S. official who served as the first civilian governor-general of the Philippines from 1901 to 1904. Taft directed the early shift from military occupation to civilian colonial administration.
Thomasites: American teachers sent to the Philippines aboard the USAT Thomas in 1901 to expand public education. Their arrival helped establish English-medium public schooling under U.S. administration.
Philippine Declaration of Independence: A declaration proclaimed by Filipino revolutionaries on June 12, 1898, asserting independence from Spain. It claimed independence before the United States asserted sovereignty over the islands.
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands: The civilian colonial government established by the United States in the Philippines in 1901. It replaced military administration with a civilian structure under U.S. authority.
Treaty of Paris (1898): The treaty ending the Spanish–American War, through which Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. The treaty formalized the transfer that Filipino revolutionaries rejected.
Manuel L. Quezon: A Filipino statesman who led the Commonwealth as its president from 1935 until his death in 1944. Quezon pressed for greater self-government while leading the transitional polity.
Pensionado Act: A 1903 law supporting selected Filipino students to study in the United States at government expense. The program trained an English-speaking Filipino elite for colonial public service.
Philippine Constitution of 1935: The constitution establishing the Commonwealth of the Philippines and defining its transitional institutions. It framed self-government within a period that still left sovereignty with the United States.

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