American Revolutionary War

The war fought from 1775 to 1783 in which the Thirteen Colonies and their allies defeated Great Britain and secured American independence.

Continental Army: The military force established by the Second Continental Congress to fight British rule. George Washington’s army sustained the colonial war effort despite shortages and defeats.
French and Indian War: The North American theater of the Seven Years’ War, fought from 1754 to 1763. Britain’s postwar debts and territorial policies sharpened tensions with its colonies.
Thomas Jefferson: An American statesman who drafted the Declaration of Independence and later became president. His declaration articulated the case for separation from Britain.
United States Declaration of Independence: The 1776 document announcing the colonies’ separation from Great Britain and stating principles of political equality and popular consent. It made independence the stated objective of the war.
American Revolutionary War as a civil war: An interpretation of the American Revolution emphasizing conflict among people within the same colonies and communities. Neighbors and families fought on opposing sides, complicating the image of a united rebellion.
George Washington: The commander in chief of the Continental Army and first president of the United States. His leadership helped keep the army intact through years of campaigning.
Stamp Act 1765: A British law requiring paid stamps on many printed materials in the American colonies. Resistance to this tax helped organize opposition to Parliament’s authority.
Benjamin Franklin: An American diplomat, writer, and scientist who helped secure French support for independence. His diplomacy helped bring France into the war on the American side.
Articles of Confederation: The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789. The new states first governed their union under this wartime-era framework.
American Indian Wars: A broad series of conflicts between Indigenous peoples and European or United States powers in North America. Many Indigenous nations saw the Revolution as one episode in a longer struggle over sovereignty.

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